How to Keep Your Dog Warm and Safe During Winter Walks

You're bundled up in your favorite coat, your furry companion is by your side, prancing excitedly beside you, their breath forming little clouds in the frosty air. This picture is exactly what dog owners love about winter time!

But as much as we enjoy these snowy adventures, we need to remember that cold weather can be tricky for our dogs for dogs of all sizes and ages. That’s why winter walks require a bit of extra care to keep our pets safe and comfortable.

Knowing how much you and your dog love snowy adventures, we've prepared essential tips for safe winter walks. We've also handpicked top-rated products to keep your furry friend cozy and protected.

How does winter and cold weather affect different dogs?

When it comes to cold weather, not all dogs are created equal. A good example is a tiny Chihuahua and a fluffy Siberian Husky, let's admit, they have very different reactions to a chilly day.

Generally, most dogs start to feel uncomfortable when temperatures drop below 45°F (7°C). It's like when we humans start reaching for a light jacket. But for small dogs, those with thin coats, puppies, seniors, or dogs with health issues, the cold can be more serious. 

Once the temperature hits 32°F (0°C), these more vulnerable pups shouldn't be outside for long. When the temperature plummets to 20°F (-7°C) or below, that's when things get risky for all dogs. At this point, even our furry friends built for the cold can be in danger of hypothermia or frostbite if they're out too long. 

But it's not just about the numbers on the thermometer. Several factors play a role in how dogs handle the cold:

• Size: Smaller dogs lose heat faster because they have more skin relative to their size. It's like how a cup of coffee cools down quicker than a whole pot. Meanwhile, bigger dogs generally have an easier time staying warm. 

• Fur: Dogs with thick, double coats are much more comfortable in the cold than their short-haired cousins. 

• Body fat: A little extra padding can help in chilly weather too.

• Age matters too: puppies and older dogs might struggle to regulate their body temperature, just like how babies and grandparents often need an extra layer of protection in cold weather..

• Overall health and medical condition: Just like us, health issues can make the cold harder to bear.

• Breed: Some dogs were born for the cold, others... not so much. 

Special considerations for different breed types

Just as we said, different dog breeds have different adaptations to handle cold weather. The ability to tolerate cold temperatures is a complex interplay of genetic, physiological, and behavioral factors.

The winter warriors (Huskies, Malamutes, and Samoyeds)

Cold-adapted breeds, like Huskies and Malamutes, have developed thick double coats that provide excellent insulation. Their outer layer of guard hairs repels water and snow, while the dense undercoat traps warm air close to the skin. These breeds also have more compact bodies, smaller ears, and furry paws, all of which help minimize heat loss. However, it’s important to note that even cold-adapted breeds have their limits, and certain parts of their bodies are naturally more susceptible to the cold.

Short-Haired Breeds (Greyhounds, Whippets, and Chihuahuas)

In contrast, breeds originating from warmer climates, such as Chihuahuas or Greyhounds, lack these cold-weather adaptations. They typically have thinner coats, larger surface area-to-volume ratios, and less efficient thermoregulatory mechanisms. These breeds can quickly become uncomfortable or even dangerously cold in low temperatures.These pups often benefit from a stylish doggy sweater or coat when heading outdoors in winter.

Flat-faced breeds (Bulldogs, and Pugs) 

Breeds like bulldogs and pugs can struggle in extreme temperatures, both hot and cold. Their unique facial structure can make it harder for them to breathe in very cold air. Extra care is needed to keep these adorable smoosh-faces comfortable in winter.

Working breeds (German Shepherds, Retrievers, and Collies)

These often have a good tolerance for cold due to their active nature and medium to thick coats. They might enjoy playing in the snow, but they still need a warm place to rest and recover.

Toy breeds (Yorkies, Shih Tzus, and Maltese)

Their bodies lose heat quickly due to their size. They're often happiest curled up on a warm lap or snuggled in a cozy bed during cold weather. Short outdoor trips with proper clothing are best for these little ones.

Good to know: Behavioral adaptations also play a crucial role. Cold-tolerant breeds often exhibit increased activity in cold weather, which helps generate body heat. They may instinctively burrow into snow for insulation or huddle together for warmth, behaviors rooted in their ancestral survival strategies.

Read more: Holiday Gift Guide For Every Dog Breed and Character

Signs that your dog is too cold

Although some breeds are more adapted to cold, even cold-adapted breeds have their limits, and certain parts of their bodies are naturally more susceptible to the cold.

The paws, nose, ears, and stomach region are particularly sensitive areas for all dogs. These parts often have less fur coverage and are more exposed to the elements. The paw pads can be especially vulnerable, as they come into direct contact with cold surfaces like snow and ice.

There are several signs that indicate your dog might be too cold:

• Shivering is one of the most obvious signs. Just like in humans, shivering is a way for dogs to generate heat when they're cold. If you notice your dog shivering, it's a clear indication that they're uncomfortable and need warmth.
  

• Whining or barking excessively can be another sign of discomfort due to cold. Dogs may vocalize their distress when they're feeling too cold and want to come inside or seek warmth.

• Holding up paws or refusing to walk can indicate that the ground is too cold for your dog's sensitive paw pads. They might alternate which paws they hold up or simply refuse to move.

• Hunching posture with a tucked tail often signifies that a dog is trying to conserve body heat. This posture minimizes the body's surface area exposed to the cold.

• Seeking shelter or trying to burrow are instinctive behaviors dogs use to escape cold conditions. If your dog is constantly trying to find a warm spot or dig into blankets, they might be too cold.

• Lethargy or weakness can be signs of hypothermia in dogs. If your dog seems unusually tired or unresponsive in cold conditions, it could be a serious situation requiring immediate warming and potentially veterinary attention.

Read more: What Is My Dog Trying to Tell Me?

Tips and products for protecting your dog in cold weather

Now that you know that your dog, like humans, can feel the effects of cold temperatures, or even is less adapted to cold, it's important to take appropriate measures to keep them safe and comfortable during winter walks. 

There are several effective strategies you can employ to protect your furry friend from the harsh elements.

1. Protect your dog's body from the cold

Just like humans wear coats in chilly weather, dogs can benefit from an extra layer of warmth. A dog coat or sweater acts as a barrier against cold air, wind, and moisture, helping your furry friend maintain their body heat.

A well-fitted coat covers your dog's chest and belly, areas that are more vulnerable to heat loss. This is particularly important for dogs with short or thin coats, as they don't have as much natural insulation. In fact, even dogs with thick fur can benefit from added protection in extremely cold conditions.

2. Care for your dog's paws in chilly weather

In chilly weather, the skin on your dog's paw pads can become dry, cracked, or even frostbitten. Snow and ice can accumulate between their toes, causing discomfort and potentially leading to cuts or abrasions. Moreover, salt and other chemicals used to melt ice on roads and sidewalks can irritate your dog's paws and may be harmful if ingested when they lick their paws.

To care for your dog's paws, consider using protective boots designed for dogs.  These provide a barrier against cold surfaces and harmful chemicals. If your dog won't tolerate boots, you can apply paw butter. 

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One of the most highly-rated products for paw protection is Duke's Paw Butter. It protects paws by locking in moisture and creating a barrier against harsh elements like salt, ice, snow, and rough terrain. It's effective for both hot and cold conditions. In winter, apply it between and around the pads to prevent snowballing.

3. Prefer walks in a daytime

The temperature is usually warmer during the day, making it more comfortable for both you and your pet. Sunlight provides better visibility, helping you spot potential hazards like ice patches or debris. Brief sun exposure can also boost vitamin D production, which is beneficial. 

Read more: How Dog Harnesses Make Walks More Enjoyable

4. Clean your dog's legs after a walk

After walking your dog in cold or wet conditions, it's important to clean their legs and paws. Use warm water to rinse off any salt, chemicals, or ice that may have accumulated during the walk. This helps prevent irritation and keeps your dog from ingesting harmful substances when they lick their paws. Gently dry their legs and paws with a towel, paying special attention to the areas between their toes. This cleaning routine not only keeps your dog comfortable but also allows you to check for any cuts, scrapes, or ice balls that may have formed.

5. Stay away from antifreeze

During winter, be vigilant when walking your dog, especially in areas where cars park or near driveways. Avoid puddles or wet spots on the ground that might contain antifreeze spills.

Antifreeze is extremely dangerous for dogs. It has a sweet taste that can attract pets, but it's highly toxic and can be fatal if ingested. Symptoms of antifreeze poisoning include vomiting, lethargy, and uncoordinated movement. If you suspect your dog has ingested antifreeze, seek veterinary care immediately.  Even small amounts can cause severe kidney damage or even death.

6. Always have your dog wear a collar with ID

Cold weather can make it harder for dogs to find their way home if they get lost. That’s why a good idea is to wear a collar with identification at all times, especially during winter walks. 

A collar with an ID tag should include your dog's name, your phone number, and any other relevant information like your address or an alternative contact. This ensures that if your dog wanders off or gets separated from you, whoever finds them can quickly contact you. 

KOSTON Essential Collar in cocoa paired with an ID tag

7. Don't leave your dog alone in the car

Leaving your dog alone in the car during winter can be just as dangerous as during summer. The temperature inside a car can drop rapidly, even if it doesn't feel too cold outside. Your dog may become stressed or anxious when left alone, which can worsen the effects of the cold. If you need to run errands, it's best to leave your dog at home where it's warm and safe.

8. Keep your dog off frozen water

Frozen ponds, lakes, or rivers can be extremely dangerous for dogs. The ice may look solid, but it's often thin or weak, especially near the edges or in areas with moving water underneath. Dogs don't understand the dangers of thin ice and may run onto frozen surfaces, risking falling through into frigid water. This can lead to hypothermia, drowning, or other life-threatening situations. That’s why it’s better to keep your dog on a leash durable near frozen bodies of water. 

KOSTON Essential Leash in Cocoa 

9. Keep your dog hydrated

Many people overlook the importance of hydration during colder months. Yet, despite the cooler temperatures, dogs can still become dehydrated in winter, especially when engaging in outdoor activities or spending time in heated indoor environments. Dry winter air and increased energy expenditure to stay warm can contribute to fluid loss. To minimize risks, encourage your dog to drink water regularly by keeping their water bowl filled with fresh, unfrozen water. When out on walks, bring a portable water bottle and collapsible bowl to offer your dog drinks.

Collapsible travel water and food bowl with hook

10. Check your dog's walking gear often

Cold weather can be harsh on leashes, collars, and harnesses, causing unexpected wear and tear. This could lead to dangerous situations if your dog gets loose in traffic or harsh weather. In addition, worn or damaged gear can cause discomfort for your pup that might not be immediately noticeable under winter clothing. 

To minimize these risks, choose gear made from durable materials like vegan leather, which can withstand tough winter conditions better than less sturdy alternatives. Remember that well-maintained equipment ensures better control on icy or slippery surfaces, where your dog might suddenly lunge or pull.

Read more: What Vegan Leather Harness is Best for My Dog?

Frequently asked questions

1. How cold is too cold for dogs to be outside?

Generally, temperatures below 45°F (7°C) can be uncomfortable for some dogs. Small breeds, puppies, seniors, and dogs with short coats or health issues are more sensitive to cold. When temperatures drop below 32°F (0°C), most dogs need protection. Below 20°F (-6.7°C) can be dangerous for all dogs. Always consider factors like wind chill, your dog's breed, size, and health.

2. Can dogs get frostbite?

Yes, dogs can get frostbite. Just like humans, dogs are susceptible to tissue damage from extreme cold. Frostbite typically affects areas of a dog's body that are more exposed or have less fur coverage, such as the ears, paws, tail tip, and nose. It occurs when the skin and underlying tissues freeze due to prolonged exposure to cold temperatures.

3. Is it safe to walk my dog on salted sidewalks?

No, it can be harmful to your dog's paws. The salt can irritate the paw pads, causing dryness, cracking, or even chemical burns. If your dog licks their paws after walking on salted areas, they might ingest the salt, which can lead to stomach upset or, in extreme cases, salt poisoning.

4. How can I keep my dog's paws warm in the snow?

Consider using dog boots for maximum protection against cold and ice. These may take some getting used to, but they're very effective. Alternatively, apply the Duke’s paw butter before walks to create a protective barrier.

5. Should I bathe my dog less often in winter?

Yes, it's usually better to bathe your dog less often in winter. Dogs have natural oils in their skin and coat that help keep them warm. Bathing too much can wash away these oils. This might make your dog feel colder on walks. Winter air is often dry, which can make your dog's skin itchy. Less bathing can help prevent this. If your dog gets really dirty or smelly, you should still give them a bath. Just make sure they're completely dry before going outside.

6. Are some dog breeds better suited for cold weather?

Yes. Breeds like Siberian Huskies, Alaskan Malamutes, Saint Bernards, and Newfoundlands were developed for work in cold climates, giving them natural cold tolerance. These dogs have adaptations that help them retain body heat and resist freezing temperatures. 

7. How long can dogs stay outside in cold weather?

Generally, when it's very cold (below freezing), most dogs shouldn't stay out for more than 10-15 minutes at a time. In milder cold, they might be okay for 30 minutes to an hour. But every dog is different, and factors like wind, rain, or snow can make it feel colder.

8. What should I do if my dog starts shivering on a walk?

If your dog shivers on a walk, 1) head home immediately. 2) If you're far from home, try to find a warm place quickly. 3) Once you're in a warmer spot,use a towel to rub them down and warm them up. 4) If you have a coat or blanket, wrap your dog in it for extra warmth and let your dog warm up gradually. 5) You can also give them some warm (not hot) water to drink, and keep an eye on them for a while to make sure they're warming up okay. 6) For future cold walks, consider a dog coat or booties.

9. Can I walk my dog in the dark during winter?

You can walk your dog in the dark during winter, but take precautions. Use reflective gear or light-up collars for visibility. Keep walks shorter and stay in well-lit areas. Be aware of your surroundings and potential hazards. If possible, try to walk during daylight hours.

10. How can I protect my dog's skin from dryness during winter?

To protect your dog's skin from winter dryness, use moisturizing shampoo, brush regularly, and ensure your dog stays hydrated by providing plenty of fresh water. Feed omega-3 rich foods, and apply pet-safe moisturizers or balms to dry areas, particularly paw pads and noses.